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1.病毒或病菌侵入人体后，经过一段时期才能发作，这段时期就是医学上的潜伏期。就是说，没有表现出病理特征的时期，是潜伏期。
这段话主要是说明了（ ）。
A．疾病潜伏期的定义
B．病理特征与潜伏期之间的联系
C．疾病是由病毒或病菌引起的
D．潜伏期是一种时间概念
2.党员是党的肌体的细胞，党的先进性是通过党员的先进性表现出来的。因此，党的行进性最终要落实到每个党员先锋模范作用的发挥上，落实到每个党组织战斗保垒作用的发挥上。新时期共产党员先进性的标准须坚持普遍性和特殊性的统一，正确处理党的整体先进性与党员个体先进性的关系，既要适应全党和全体党员普遍的共性要求，又要体现党员个体的特殊要求，以增强现实针对性，提高可操作性，使党员先进性标准真正为每个党员所理解、所接受，进一步化为自己工作、生活和学习的具体要求与实际行动。
这句话的意思实际上可以概括为（ ）。
A．先进性是普遍性和特殊性的统一
B．全心全意为人民服务和无私奉献精神的统一
C．带头致富与带领群众致富的统一
D．带头搞好服务与维护稳定的统一
3.在科学技术高度发展的今天，究竟应该怎样看待祖国优秀的传统文化？能否将先进的科学知识、科学理念与传统文化知识融入素质教育中去？。
填入横线处最恰当的是（ ）。
A．与会者的回答是肯定的
B．与会者做出了肯定的回答
C．与会者就这些问题谈了自己的看法
D．与会者达成了共识，即应该弘扬优秀的传统文化
4.工程建设的立项、招投标、资金拨付、物资采购等环节，是行贿受贿腐败的多发点。“大楼建起来，干部倒下去”这样一种特殊的腐败现象，反映出制度上的症结。要整治工程建筑领域的腐败高发现象，必须从制度创新的角度入手；而“代建制”的出现，正可谓恰逢其时。
下面四项中能够对这段话的目的做最佳概述的是（ ）。
A．要防止“大楼建起来，干部倒下去”
B．要治理建筑工程中出现的腐败，就要突破有关制度症结
C．要用代建制来治理建筑工程中出现的腐败
D．要通过制度创新来消除建筑领域的腐败
5.“聪明难，糊涂难，由聪明转入糊涂更难。放一着，退一步，当下心安，非图后来福报也。”这是郑板桥书写“难得糊涂”四个大字后加写的小字说明。
对这段话理解正确的是（ ）。
A．郑板桥认为糊涂比聪明更有价值
B．由聪明转入糊涂不符合逻辑
C．郑板桥书写“难得糊涂”说明他没有进取心
D．郑板桥书写“难得糊涂”是由反言的方式来讽刺社会的黑暗
6.医学专家很早以前就开始研究音乐家的天才与其大脑的关系。认为音乐家左、右半球是均衡发展的，大脑的右半球负责旋律和音调的识别，左半球负责节奏和乐理的调节、实施。
这段话直接支持这样一种观点，即音乐家的天才（ ）。
A．是大脑的右半球负责旋律和音调识别的结果
B．是由于音乐家大脑左半球负责节奏和乐理的调节、实施的原因
C．与音乐家大脑左右半球均衡发展有很密切的关系
D．是音乐家很早以前就具备了的
7.检验一个作家的主观愿望即其动机是否正确、是否善良，不是看他的宣言，而是看他的行为，主要是作品在社会大众中产生的效果。
最能准确复述这段话的意思的是（ ）。
A．一个作家的愿望是通过他的宣言表达出来的
B．作家的动机是否正确主要看其是否善良
C．作家的主观愿望只有从他的作品在社会大众中产生的效果来检验
D．作家的行为应该在社会大众中产生良好的效果
8.这些生产厂家说，这种产品的包装是可以生物降解的，它们一旦与其他物质混合，便会自然消失或者可以支持生物的成长。研究人员认为，真正的生物降解物质在需氧条件下可以分解成二氧化碳和水，在厌氧条件下它们则可以分解成甲烷和二氧化碳。然而，经他们试验的每个产品都不能降解，也不能达到上述标准。
这段话主要支持这样一种观点（ ）。
A．厂家的说法夸夸其谈
B．厂家“生物降解”表达不清
C．“生物降解”在现实中可以有不一样的理解
D．研究人员试验非常成功
9.有不少干部历来是只要进了机关的门，就捧上了铁饭碗，只要不得罪顶头上司，就没有什么需要担心的；只要侍奉好了上司，那就肯定前途无量。老百姓虽然说是公仆的主人，但是在实际生活中却关不着干部们什么事；所以，每想到机关去，就一定会发现门难进、面难看、事难办。
这句话的意思很明确，但却不是指（ ）。
A．有一些作风差的机关干部们打心眼里就没把老百姓放在眼中
B．老百姓之所以“办事难”，就是因为有了这么一个只需要对上负责的实际规矩
C．老百姓就是因为本来没有事儿，有事也是“八杆子打不着边”，所以才会在机关里“办不成事”，还经常遭冷遇
D．干部们哪怕是把老百姓都得罪了，也照样安然无事
10.接待之风似已在基层形成了一种习惯、一种潜规则。以至于有些财政本来不济的地方政府，在习惯势力的引导下，也不得不每年专门“抠”出巨额的招待费，以接待各路“神仙”。有些领导下基层干是变了味，由当初的服务基层变成了接受招待，由人民心目中的体察民情变成了扰民，影响了各级政府在人民心目中的形象。如此不良风气之所以能够形成，根子在于一些领导没有意识到下基层的职责。
这句话的意思是（ ）。
A．上级别忘了自己是人民公仆
B．上级别忘了下工层的职责
C．上级必须提醒下级不能把心思都花在如何做好接待上级的事情上了
D．上级必须为基层的财政着想
11.人民路小学三、四、五年级的同学乘汽车去春游。如果每车坐45人，有10人不能坐车；如果每车多坐5人，又多出1辆汽车，一共有多少辆汽车？有多少名同学去春游？（ ）
A．10辆汽车，450名同学B．11辆汽车，450名同学
C．12辆汽车，550名同学D．13辆汽车，550名同学
12.2003年儿童节是星期日，那么到北京奥运会的那一年的元旦是星期几？（ ）
A．星期一B．星期二
C．星期三D．星期四
13.一只船发现漏水时，已经进了一些水，水匀速进入船内，如果10人淘水，3小时淘完；如5人淘水8小时淘完。如果要求2小时淘完，要安排多少人淘水？（ ）
A．11B．12
C．13D．14
14.在一个大笼子里关了一些鸡和一些兔子。数它们的头，一共有36个；数它们的腿一共有100条。问鸡和兔各多少只？（ ）
A．鸡21只，兔13只B．鸡23只，兔16只
C．鸡22只，兔14只D．鸡23只，兔15只
15.已知长方体形的铜块长、宽、高分别是2cm、4cm、8cm，将它熔化后铸成一个正方体形的铜块，铸成的铜块的棱长为（不计损耗）（ ）。
A．4cmB．6cm
C．8cmD．10cm
16.用5种不同的颜色给图中的A、B、C、D四个区域涂色，规定每个区域只涂一种颜色，相邻区域颜色不同，求有多少种不同的涂色方法？（ ）
A．175种B．180种
C．185种D．185种
17.从装满100克浓度为80%的糖水杯中倒出40克糖水，再倒入清水将杯倒满。这样反复三次后，杯中糖水的浓度是多少？（ ）
A．48%B．28．8%
C．11．52%D．17．28%
18.有a、b、c、d四人在晚上都要从桥的左边到右边。此桥一次最多只能走两人，而且只有一支手电筒，过桥时一定要用手电筒。四人过桥最快所需时间如下：a需2分，b需3分，c需8分，d需10分。走得快的人要等走得慢的人，请问让所有的人都过桥最短要（ ）分。
A．22B．21
C．20D．19
19.一对夫妇把一年纯收入的25%用于吃，13．5%则用于娱乐，20%交房租，8%用于汽车开支，其余的存起来，存款与用于娱乐的钱的比率为（ ）。
A．19∶27B．6∶5
C．67∶27D．19∶9
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25.大气污染：指因人类的生产生活使某种物质进入大气从而导致其特性改变，使人们的生活、身体健康以及生态环境直接或间接遭受危害的现象。主要污染物有烟尘、粉尘、硫氧化物、一氧化碳、碳氧化物、放射性污染等。
下列所述属于大气污染的是（ ）。
A．韩庄农户有几十辆农用大卡车废弃在麦田里，影响了春耕时间
B．淮河水质从解放前至今，越来越差
C．兰州市上空布满了驱之不去的“阴云”，那是市郊工厂的废气
D．汽车轰鸣声弄得老王整夜没有睡好觉
26.政治社团：指的是在社会政治生活中，按照特定的利益集合在一起，有组织地参与、影响政府政策制定、变动和执行过程的社会团体。
下列不属于政治团体的一项是（ ）。
A．为了反映和维护工人群众利益，协调工人与国家、集体之间关系而建立的同业工会
B．维护和反映高校学生的利益与要求，并沟通政府与高校学生的联系的全国学联
C．每星期到教堂去的人们自发组成唱诗班
D．中国共产主义青年团
27.专利：专利有三种含义：（1）专利权，是指国家依法授予专利人对其专利产品在一定期限内所享有的专有专用的权利。（2）专利是指受专利法保护的创造发明，一般包括发明、实用新型和外观设计三种专利。（3）专利是指专利文献，其主要部分为记载发明创造内容的专利说明书。
下列不是专利的是（ ）。
A．花生厂家申请保护的独特外包装袋
B．张教授的书法作品及古玩
C．记录同仁堂炼药方法的秘笺，已申请专利局保护
D．国家专利局认可的太阳能新型灶具
28.商标侵权：指他人出于商业目的，未经商标所有人的许可而擅自使用其已注册商标，或把他人注册商标的主要部分用作自己的商标，并使用在相同或类似的商品上，从而产生商标混同，以欺骗消费者。
下面几种情况中不属于商标侵权的是（ ）。
A．甲企业未经商标所有人乙企业的许可，在与乙企业类似的商品上使用与其注册商标近似的商标
B．某毛巾厂注册“418”牌商标，在市场销路打开以后，有的企业在“418”前加注某某牌，使“418”商标转化为商品名称
C．国内某企业并没有把“IBM”商标直接用在其商品上，而用在广告和其他宣传活动中
D．国内某商场的名称使用了某房地产企业已获准注册的房地产类“亚细亚”商标名称
29.漏税：指纳税人并非故意未缴或者少缴税款的行为。对漏税者税务机关应当令其限期照章补缴所漏税款；逾期未缴的，从漏税之日起，按日加收税款滞纳金。
根据上述定义，下列情况中属于漏税行为的是（ ）。
A．杜×开了一家书店，税务部门规定对他的税款实行查账征收。当顾客不要求开发票时，他就不开发票；而当有大笔交易并且客户要求开发票时，他就将发票客户联撕下来，客户联与存根联分别填写，客户联上按实际数字填写，而存根联上则填写较小的数字
B．某著名歌星在某城市举行了一场个人演唱会，票房收入高达40万元，根据演出协议，这位歌星拿到了票房收入25%约10万元。第二天，该歌星又开赴另一城市演出去了
C．张大伯是一家小商店的店主，主要经营日用百货，税务管理部门核定他每月缴税款500元，他每个月都准时到税务局主动缴纳税款，但上个月由于家中出了事情，几乎没有营业，当然也就没有什么赢利，因此他就没有到税务局去交纳税款
D．黄某是一个屠夫，他干这一行已经好多年了，最近猪肉紧缺，价格上涨很快，县物价局对猪肉作了最高限价。由于购买生猪的价格又很高，他们的利润很低。为此，黄某对税务征管员说，如果政府不取消限价，他们就不缴纳税款
30.罗贯中∶三国演义（ ）
A．宋江∶水浒传B．鲁迅∶少年闰土
C．王勃∶长恨歌D．吴承恩∶西游记
31.77．书籍∶纸张（ ）
A．毛笔∶宣纸B．文具∶文具盒
C．菜肴∶萝卜D．飞机∶大炮
32.喜欢∶讨厌（ ）
A．热爱∶拥护B．晚∶迟
C．炎热∶寒冷D．高兴∶愉快
33.警察∶警服（ ）
A．老师∶讲课B．学生∶校服
C．天空∶小鸟D．农民∶播种
34.默克尔∶德国（ ）
A．阿罗约∶泰国B．布什∶美国
C．吴仪∶中国D．库马拉通加夫人∶斯里兰卡
35.水壶：开水
A．桌子；游戏 B．邮箱：邮件 C．磁带：磁盘 D．灌溉：池塘
36.火车：地铁
A．轿车：货车 B．战斗机：机翼 C．自行车；手推车 D．木船：汽船
37.问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流：李煜
A．孤帆远影碧空尽，惟见长江天际流：杜牧
B．大庇天下寒士俱欢颜；李白
C．莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切：岳飞
D．至今思项羽，不肯过江东：秋瑾
38.斯大林格勒保卫战；希特勒
A．诺曼底登陆；艾森豪威尔 B．敦克尔刻大撤退：拿破仑
C．马斯顿荒原战役：查理一世 D．滑铁卢战役：威灵顿
39.马：哺乳动物
A．海马；鱼 B．鲈鱼，两栖动物
C．蜘蛛：昆虫 D．鸭嘴兽：爬行动物
40.古代有一个地方，只有两种人，骑士和无赖。骑士说真话，无赖说假话，但从外表上看不出什么分别。一个学者遇到两个人，甲和乙，他问甲：“你们两个当中肯定有一个骑士？”甲说：“没有”。请你判断甲和乙分别是（ ）。
A．甲是骑士，乙是无赖B．甲、乙都是骑士
C．甲是无赖，乙是骑士D．甲、乙都是无赖
41.政府对基本商品征收的一种税是对出售的每一罐食用征税两分钱。税务记录显示，尽管人口数量保持稳定且税法执行有力，食用油的税收额在税法生效的头两年中还是显著下降了。
以下如果正确，最有助于解释食用油的税收额下降的一项是（ ）。
A．很少家庭在加税后开始生产他们自己的食用油
B．商人在税法实施后开始用比以前更大的罐子售油
C．在食用油税实行后的两年，政府开始在许多其他基本商品上征税
D．食用油传统上被用作结婚礼物，税法实施后，用食用油做礼物增多了
42.小说离不开人生世相的描绘，一个阅历不多、涉世不深的作者，是很难在这一领域崭露头角的。诗的创作，特别是许多脍炙人口的诗篇的诞生，大都是源于诗人的灵感和天赋。所以（ ）。
A．诗人年纪一般都比较轻
B．写小说的人都是中老年人
C．一个人不可能既是优秀的小说家，同时又是杰出的诗人
D．早慧的小说家，古今中外比较少有，而早慧的诗人历史上却比较多
43.教育上“谁受益、谁出钱”这一提法如果是正确的话，只能理解为国家是教育的最大受益者。这是因为一方面，教育的经济效益，虽然不能直接、立即体现在市场经济交换过程中，却存在于社会之中；另一方面教育不仅有经济效益，而且是国家综合国力的重要组成部分。因此，（ ）。
A．教育经费主要由国家承担是合理的
B．教育经费应由个人、集体与国家共同承担
C．教育是社会的事情，因此经费也应由社会负责
D．应该实行由幼儿园到大学的免费教育
44.在1970年到1980年之间，世界工业的能源消耗量在达到顶峰后下降，1980年虽然工业总产量有显著提高，但工业的能源总耗用量却低于1970年的水平。这说明，工业部门一定采取了高效节能措施。
最能消弱上述结论的是（ ）。
A．1970年前，许多工业能源的使用者很少注意节约能源
B．20世纪70年代一大批能源密集型工业部门的产量急剧下降
C．工业总量的增长1970年到1980年间低于1960年至1970年间的增长
D．20世纪70年代，许多行业从使用高价石油转向使用低价的替代物
45.现在，有各种各样的地震预测，但至今还没有哪个国家能够极其准确地预报地震。这说明（ ）。
A．地震是神秘的，不可捉摸
B．地震变幻莫测，现有科技还无法精确预知其发生趋势
C．设备过于落后
D．人太傻
46.正是因为有了充足的奶制品作为食物来源，生活在呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民才能摄入足够的钙质，很明显，这种足够的钙质，对于呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民拥有健壮的体魄是必不可少的。
以下哪种情况如果存在，最能削弱以上的断定？（ ）
A．有的呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民从食物中能摄入足够的钙质，且有健壮的体魄
B．有的呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民不具有健壮的体魄，但从食物中摄入的钙缺少
C．有的呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民不具有健壮的体魄，他们从食物中不能摄入足够的钙质
D．有的呼伦贝尔大草原的牧民有健壮的体魄，但没有充足的奶制品作为食物来源
47.植物必须先开花，才能产生种子，有两种龙蒿--俄罗斯龙蒿和法国龙蒿，它们看起来非常相似，俄罗斯龙蒿开花而法国龙蒿不开花，但是俄罗斯龙蒿的叶子却没有那种使法国龙蒿成为理想的调味品的独特香味。
从以上论述中一定能推出以下哪项结论？（ ）
A．作为观赏植物，法国龙蒿比俄罗斯龙蒿更令人喜爱
B．俄罗斯龙蒿的花可能没有香味
C．由龙蒿种子长出的植物不是法国龙蒿
D．除了俄罗斯龙蒿和法国龙蒿外，没有其他种类的龙蒿
48.群众对领导的不满，不仅仅产生于领导的作为和业绩，而且很大程度上是由于对领导的期望值与实际表现之间的差距。因此，如果竞选一个大企业的领导，竞选者在竞选演说中一味许愿是一种不聪明的做法。
从以上议论可以推出以下哪项结论？（ ）
Ⅰ．只要群众的期望值足够低，领导即使胡作非为，群众也不会产生不满情绪
Ⅱ．只要领导的作为和业绩出色，群众就不会产生不满情绪
Ⅲ．由于群众的期望值高，尽管领导的工作成绩优秀，群众的不满情绪仍可能存在
A．只有ⅠB．只有Ⅰ、ⅡC．只有ⅢD．只有Ⅰ、Ⅲ
49.若风大，就放飞风筝；若气温高，就不放飞风筝；若天气不晴朗，就不放飞风筝。假如以上说法正确，若放飞风筝，则以下哪些说法是正确的？（ ）
①风大②天气晴朗③气温高
A．①B．②C．③D．④
50.宋朝为加强中央司法机构的控制，在皇宫中设立（ ）。
A．大司徙B．《宣政院》C．大理院D．审刑院
51.计算机硬件能直接识别并执行的语言是（ ）。
A．高级语言B．算法语言C．机器语言D．符号语言
52.下列电脑的设备中，哪一个不可作为输出设备？（ ）
A．显示器B．打印机C．鼠标D．磁盘驱动器
53.最高人民法院对在审判过程中如何具体应用法律、法律规范所作的解释是( )。
A．对下级法院具有普遍约束力 B．对下级法院没有普遍约束力
C．对下级法院没有约束力 D．有普遍的约束力
54.甲、乙为一对恋人，互赠有照片。后双方因故终止了恋爱关系，甲向乙索要自己的照片，乙十分不满，就用笔在甲的照片上乱涂画一通，然后还给甲。乙的行为侵害了甲的( )。
A．姓名权 B．肖像权 C．名誉权 D．荣誉权
55.新的规范性公文产生了，对同一事物约束、规范的旧文件应( )。
A．两法并存 B．新不废旧 C．相辅相成 D．废止旧法
56.根据《银行业监督管理法》规定，以下哪个不属于银行业金融机构：
A．中国工商银行B．农村信用合作社
C．北京市农村商业银行D．金融资产管理公司
57.1981年我国恢复的是（ ）
A．商业信用B．消费信用C．国家信用D．股票融资
58.我国最初成立金融资产管理公司的时间是：
A．1997年B．1998年C．1999年D．2000年
59.下列不属于中国银行旗下控股金融机构的是（ ）
A．中银国际B．中银香港C．中银保险D．中银外汇
60.中国银行成立时间是：（ ）
A．1942年B．1921年C．1912年D．1956年
根据下列表格回答问题：
某日全国几个主要城市的天气预报
| 城市 | 天气 | 最高气温 | 最低气温 |
| 深圳 | 晴 | 29℃ | 15℃ |
| 广州 | 雷阵雨 | 32℃ | 11℃ |
| 烟台 | 多云 | 19℃ | 8℃ |
| 石家庄 | 晴 | 27℃ | 22℃ |
| 长春 | 多云 | 11℃ | 3℃ |
61.这一天，温度最低的城市是（ ）。
A．深圳B．烟台C．石家庄D．长春
62.在这一天，温差最小的城市是（ ）。
A．深圳B．广州C．烟台D．石家庄
63.天气是晴的城市有（ ）。
A．深圳和烟台B．深圳和石家庄
C．烟台和长春D．深圳和长春
64.烟台的最高温度比长春的最低温度高出（ ）。
A．16℃B．8℃C．5℃D．3℃
65.五个城市的平均最高温度为（ ）。
A．22℃B．24℃C．20℃D．23．6℃
根据下列表格回答问题：
四校各职称教师人数构成
66.正教授人数所占比重相同的学校是（ ）。
A．甲与乙B．甲与丙C．甲与丁D．乙与丙
67.丙校助教人数所占比重应为（ ）。
A．20%B．25%C．30%D．45%
68.正、副教授人数最多的学校是（ ）。
A．甲校B．乙校C．丙校D．丁校
69.甲校教授与副教授、助教三种职称教师人数的构成比例关系为（ ）。
A．1∶1．7∶1B．1∶2∶1C．1∶3∶4D．1∶4∶3
70.丁校讲师人数是乙校讲师人数的（ ）。
A．1倍B．2倍C．3倍D．4倍
71.在我国货币层次划分中，M0通常是指( )
A.企业单位的活期存款
B.流通中的现金
C.居民储蓄存款
D.银行全部存款
72.利息是( )的价格。
A．货币资本
B．外来资本
C．借贷资本
D．银行存款
73.下列金融市场类型中，属于长期资金市场的有( )。
A．公债市场
B．同业拆借市场
C．本票市场
D．回购协议市场
74.商业银行在中央银行的一般性存款主要用来满足日常的支付和清算需要，另一作用是用来( )
A．调节货币供应量
B．调节信贷规模
C．调剂库存现金余缺
D．调剂贷款结构
75.（ ）是商业银行最基本也是最能反映其经营活动特征的职能。
A.信用创造
B.支付中介
C.信用中介
D.金融服务
76.( )是货币市场上最敏感的“晴雨表”．
A．官方利率
B．市场利率
C.拆借利率
D．再贴现率
77.一般来说，在发生通货膨胀时，靠固定工资生活的人( )。
A．生活水平会下降
B．生活水平会提高
C．没有变化
D．幸福感会增
78.在经济学中，关于充分就业的含义是指( )。
A.社会劳动力100％就业
B.所有有能力的劳动力都能随时找到适当的工作 ．
C. 并非劳动力100％就业，至少要排除摩擦性失业和自愿失业
D.西方国家一般认为,10％以下的失业率为充分就业
79.美元等同于黄金，实行可调整的固定汇率制度，是( )的特征。
A.布雷顿森林体系
B．国际金本位制
C.牙买加体系
D．国际金块一金汇兑本位制
80.根据( )，可以将金融危机分为货币危机.银行危机.外债危机与系统性金融危机。
A.金融危机爆发的领域
B．金融危机爆发的原因
C．金融危机的性质
D．金融危机的范围
81.实施价格歧视的基本条件不包括（）。
A.卖方具有垄断地位
B.企业生产的商品或服务具有耐用品性质
C.消费者之间存在不同的需求价格弹性
D.不同消费者所在的市场能被隔离开
82.关于国内生产总值的说法，正确的是()。
A.国内生产总值又称为国民总收入
B.国内生产总值又称为国民生产总值
C.国内生产总值是按市场价格计算的一个国家（或地区）在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果
D.国内生产总值仅具有价值形态
83.凯恩斯把货币供应量的增加并未带来利率的相应降低，而只是引起人们手持现金增加的现象称为（）
A.现金偏好
B.货币幻觉
C.流动性陷阱
D.流动性过剩
84.预测通货膨胀率的主要指标包括（）
A.生产者价格指数
B.消费者价格指数
C.零售物价指数
D.以上都正确
85.如果政府把经济增长作为宏观调控的政策目标，通常要实行扩张性财政政策和货币政策，以刺激总需求，一般情况下，这会导致（）
A.价格水平上升或通货膨胀
B.价格水平下降或通货紧缩
C.通货紧缩和就业机会增加
D.就业机会减少或者失业率提高
86.货币政策的最终目标是物价稳定.充分就业.促进经济增长和国际收支平衡。其中关于充分就业的正确说法是（）
A.社会劳动者100%就业
B.所有有能力的劳动力都能随时找到任何条件的工作
C.存在摩擦性失业，但不存在自愿失业
D.存在摩擦性失业和自愿失业
87.经济学中的外部性（外部效应）是指在实际经济活动中，生产者或消费者的活动对其他生产者或消费者带来的非市场性影响。若外部性（外部效应）是正的，则（）
A.私人利益<社会利益
B.私人成本<社会成本
C.私人利益>社会利益
D.私人成本=社会成本
88.“搭便车现象”是指没有为商品生产或购买做出贡献，却仍然可以免费享受这种商品带来的好处。如果海上每一艘过往船只都可以享受到灯塔发出的灯光，不管它是否付费。因此这类商品总是出现供给不足。解决这一问题的办法应当是（）
A.提高技术识别水平，只为付费者服务
B.将类似商品承包给私人管理，靠市场化运作实现供需平衡
C.采取法律手段，惩罚不付费的搭便车者
D.政府通过征税获得必要的资金来提供类似的公共服务
89.菲利普斯曲线反映的是（）
A.失业率和通货膨胀率之间存在着此消彼长的关系
B.失业率和经济增长率之间存在着此消彼长的关系
C.物价上涨率和经济增长率之间存在着此消彼长的关系
D.国际收支失衡和物价上涨率之间存在着此消彼长的关系
90.各国应该集中生产并出口那些能够充分利用本国充裕要素的产品，进口那些需要密集使用本国稀缺要素的产品，是（）理论的主要观点。
A.亚当斯密的绝对优势
B.大卫李嘉图的比较优势
C.赫克歇尔一俄林的要素禀赋
D.克鲁格曼的规模经济
91.某企业采用先进先出法计算发出原材料的成本。2009年9月1日，甲材料结存200千克，每千克实际成本为300元；9月7日购入甲材料350千克，每千克实际成本为310元；9月21日购入甲材料400千克，每千克实际成本为290元；9月28日发出甲材料500千克。9月份甲材料发出成本为（ ）元。
A.145 000
B.150 000
C.153 000
D.155 000
92.某企业收到用于补偿已发生费用的政府补助，应在取得时计入（ ）。
A.递延收益
B.营业外收入
C.资本公积
D.其他业务收入
93.下列各项中体现债权与债务关系的是（ ）。
A.企业与债权人之间的财务关系
B.企业与受资者之间的财务关系
C.企业与债务人之间的财务关系
D.企业与政府之间的财务关系
94.（ ）是根据财务活动的历史资料，考虑现实的要求和条件，对企业未来的财务活动和财务成果做出科学的预计和测算。
A.财务预测
B.财务预算
C.财务决策
D.财务控制
95.某人进行一项投资，预计6年后会获得收益880元，在年利率为5％的情况下，这笔收益的现值为（ ）元。
A.4466.62
B.656.66
C.670.56
D.4455.66
96.下列（ ）可以为企业筹集自有资金。
A.内部积累
B.融资租赁
C.发行债券
D.向银行借款
97.甲公司为增值税一般纳税人，2009年1月5日以2700万元购入一项专利权，另支付相关税费120万元。为推广由该专利权生产的产品，甲公司发生广告宣传费60万元。该专利权预计使用5年，预计净残值为零，采用直线法摊销。假设不考虑其他因素，2009年12月31日改专利权的账面价值为（ ）万元。
A.2160
B.2256
C.2304
D.2700
98.事业单位在财产清查中发现事业用材料盘亏，其中属于正常损耗的应（ ）。
A.计入当期经营支出
B.计入当期事业支出
C.直接抵减一般基金
D.冲减事业用材料盘盈价值
99.下列各项中，不属于财务管理经济环境构成要素的是（ ）。
A.经济周期
B.经济发展水平
C.宏观经济政策
D.公司治理结构
100.某企业材料采用计划成本核算。月初结存材料计划成本为130万元，材料成本差异为节约20万元。当月购入材料一批，实际成本110万元，计划成本120万元，领用材料的计划成本为100万元。该企业当月领用材料的实际成本为（ ）万元。
A.88
B.96
C.100
D.112
101.狭义的货币不包括( )
A.纸币
B.硬币
C.定期存款
D.银行全部存款
102.下列金融衍生工具中，赋予持有人的实质是一种权利的是( )。
A．金融期货
B.金融期权
C．金融互换
D．金融远期
103.金融市场按交易性质划分为( )。
A．货币市场.资本市场.外汇市场.衍生品市场.保险市场和黄金市场
B．直接金融市场和间接金融市场
C．发行市场和流通市场
D．传统金融市场和金融衍生品市场
104.我国目前实行的中央银行制度属于( )
A.单一型中央银行制度
B.复合型中央银行制度
C.跨国的中央银行制度
D.准中央银行制度
105.在社会经济活动中，可以起到信用中介、支付中介、创造信用、服务等作用的金融企业是指( )。
A．中央银行
B．商业银行
C．保险公司
D．证券公司
106.一定时期内的国民收入，既是货币需求的本源，又是货币供给的最高境界。由于价值分配具有相对独立性，因而往往出现货币供给量超过实际国民收入情况。这种现象被称为( )。
A．国民收入超额分配
B．积累超过消费
C．消费需求不足
D．投资需求不足
107.从理论上讲，工资上涨过快容易导致( )通货膨胀。
A．需求拉上型
B．成本推动型
C．输入型
D．结构型
108.根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》的规定，我国货币政策的最终目标是( )，并以此促进经济增长。
A．保持货币币值稳定
B．实现充分就业
C．保持物价稳定
D．保持利率稳定
109.把本国货币与本国主要贸易伙伴国的货币确定一个固定的比价，随着一种或几种货币进行浮动的制度是( )。
A．固定汇率制度
B．盯住汇率制度
C．联合浮动汇率制度
D．浮动汇率制度
110.债券投资者投资风险中的非系统性风险是( )。
A．利率风险
B．汇率风险
C．信用风险
D．税收风险
111.在完全竞争市场中，企业的主要竞争策略是（）
A.广告促销
B.涨价盈利
C.降价促销
D.降低成本
112.在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡的条件是（）
A.价格等于平均成本
B.价格等于边际成本
C.价格等于平均收益
D.价格等于边际收益
113.以下不属于垄断竞争市场特征的是（）
A.生产集团中有大量的企业生产有差别的同种产品，这些产品彼此之间都是非常接近的替代品
B.进入和退出生产集团比较容易
C.厂商的竞争手段是多种多样的，但市场价格相对稳定
D.每个厂商都认为自己的行为影响很小，不会引起竞争对手的注意和反应，因而自己也不会受到竞争对手的报复措施的影响
114.实施价格歧视的基本条件不包括（）。
A.卖方具有垄断地位
B.企业生产的商品或服务具有耐用品性质
C.消费者之间存在不同的需求价格弹性
D.不同消费者所在的市场能被隔离开
115.关于国内生产总值的说法，正确的是()。
A.国内生产总值又称为国民总收入
B.国内生产总值又称为国民生产总值
C.国内生产总值是按市场价格计算的一个国家（或地区）在一定时期内生产活动的最终成 果
D.国内生产总值仅具有价值形态
116.为扩大农村消费需求，拉动经济增长，国务院实行了对“家电下乡”给予财政补贴的政策。这种财政支出在经济上不能获得直接补偿，属于（）
A.积累性支出
B.转移性支出
C.补偿性支出
D.购买性支出
117.乘数的概念最早是由经济学家（）提出的。
A.李嘉图
B.凯恩斯
C.马尔萨斯
D.卡恩
118.下列业务中属于银行中间业务的是（ ）
A.活期储蓄存款
B.抵押贷款
C.汇兑
D.企业存款
119.预测通货膨胀率的主要指标包括（）
A.生产者价格指数
B.消费者价格指数
C.零售物价指数
D.以上都正确
120.财政政策中最有效的手段是（）
A.改变税收
B.改变转移支付
C.改变政府购买水平
D.以上都正确
121.甲企业为房地产开发企业，现有存货商品房一栋，实际开发成本为9000万元，2009年3月31日，甲公司将该商品房以经营租赁方式提供给乙公司使用，租赁期为10年。甲公司对该商品房采用成本模式进行后续计量并按年限平均法计提折旧，预计使用寿命为50年，预计净残值为零。假定不考虑其他因素，下列关于甲公司2009年12月31日资产负债表项目列报正确的是（ ）。
A.存货为9000万元
B.固定资产8865万元
C.投资性房地产为8820万元
D.投资性房地产为8865万元
122.下列各科目的期末余额，不应在资产负债表“存货”项目列示的是（ ）。
A.库存商品
B.生产成本
C.工程物资
D.委托加工物资
123.甲公司为增值税一般纳税人，委托外单位加工一批应交消费税的商品，以银行存款支付加工费200万元、增值税34万元、消费税30万元，该加工商品收回后将直接用于销售。甲公司支付上述相关款项时，应编制的会计分录是（ ）。
A.借：委托加工物资 264
贷：银行存款 264
B.借：委托加工物资 230
应交税费 34
贷：银行存款 264
C.借：委托加工物资 200
应交税费 64
贷：银行存款 264
D.借：委托加工物资 264
贷：银行存款 200
应交税费 64
124.某企业2009年12月31日“固定资产”科目余额为1000万元，“累计折旧”科目余额为300万元，“固定资产减值准备”科目余额为50万元。该企业2009年12月31日资产负债表“固定资产”的项目金额为（ ）万元。
A.650
B.700
C.950
D.1000
125.下列各项中，不会引起事业结余发生增减变动的是（ ）。
A.从事经营活动取得的收入
B.附属单位按规定缴纳的款项
C.开展专业业务活动取得的收入
D.外单位捐赠未限定用途的财物
126.下列各项中，关于收入确认表述正确的事（ ）。
A.采用预收货款方式销售商品，应在收到货款时确认收入
B.采用分期收款方式销售商品，应在货款全部收回时确认收入
C.采用交款提货方式销售商品，应在开出发票收到货款时确认收入
D.采用支付手续费委托代销方式销售商品，应在发出商品时确认收入
127.每股利润最大化目标与利润最大化目标相比具有的优点是（ ）。
A.考虑了资金时间价值
B.考虑了风险因素
C.可以用于同一企业不同时期的比较
D.不会导致企业的短期行为
128.某人希望在5年末取得本利和20000元，则在年利率为2％，单利计息的方式下，此人现在应当存入银行（ ）元。
A.18114
B.18181.82
C.18004
D.18000
129.按照资金的来源渠道不同可将筹资分为（ ）。
A.内源筹资和外源筹资
B.直接筹资和间接筹资
C.权益筹资和负债筹资
D.表内筹资和表外筹资
130.某企业发行5年期债券，债券面值为1000元，票面利率10％，每年付息一次，发行价为1100元，筹资费率3％，所得税税率为30％，则该债券的资金成本是（ ）。
A.9.37％
B.6.56％
C.7.36％
D.6.66％
131.企业发生赊购商品业务，下列各项中不影响应付账款入账金额的是（ ）。
A.商品价款
B.增值税进项税额
C.现金折扣
D.销货方代垫运杂费
132.甲公司为增值税一般纳税人，2009年12月31日购入不需要安装的生产设备一台，当日投入使用。该设备价款为360万元，增值税税额为61.2万元，预计使用寿命为5年，预计净残值为零，采用年数总和法计提折旧。该设备2010年应计提的折旧为（ ）万元。
A.72
B.120
C.140.4
D.168.48
133.企业已计提坏账准备的应收账款确实无法收回，按管理权限报经批准作为坏账转销时，应编制的会计分录是（ ）
A.借记“资产减值损失”科目 贷记“坏账准备”科目
B.借记“管理费用”科目 贷记“应收账款”科目
C.借记“坏账准备”科目 贷记“应收账款”科目
D.借记“坏账准备”科目 贷记“资产减值损失”科目
134.企业销售商品确认收入后，对于客户实际享受的现金折扣，应当（ ）。
A.确认当期财务费用
B.冲减当期主营业务收入
C.确认当期管理费用
D.确认当期主营业务成本
135.某公司2009年初所有者权益总额为1360万元，当年实现净利润450万元，提取盈余公积45万元，向投资者分配现金股利200万元，本年内以资本公积转增资本50万元，投资者追加现金投资30万元。该公司年末所有者权益总额为（ ）万元。
A.1565
B.1595
C.1640
D.1795
136.每股利润最大化目标与利润最大化目标相比具有的优点是（ ）。
A.考虑了资金时间价值
B.考虑了风险因素
C.可以用于同一企业不同时期的比较
D.不会导致企业的短期行为
137.某人目前向银行存入1000元，银行存款年利率为2％，在复利计息的方式下，5年后此人可以从银行取出（ ）元。
A.1100
B.1104.1
C.1204
D.1106.1
138.下列各项中不属于直接表外筹资的是（ ）。
A.经营租赁
B.代销商品
C.来料加工
D.母公司投资于子公司
139.企业向银行取得借款100万元，年利率5％，期限3年。每年付息一次，到期还本，所得税税率30％，手续费忽略不计，则该项借款的资金成本为（ ）。
A.3.5％
B.5％
C.4.5％
D.3％
140.关于投资的分类下列说法错误的是（ ）。
A.按照投资行为的介入程度不同分为直接投资和间接投资
B.按照投资的方向不同分为盈利性投资和非盈利性投资
C.按照投入领域不同分为生产性投资和非生产性投资
D.按照投资对象不同分为实物投资和金融投资
141.以金为货币金属，以金币为本位币，不铸造也不流通金币，银行券可以兑换外币汇票的货币制度属于( )
A.金块本位制
B.金本位制
C.金汇兑本位制
D.银本位制
142.甲公司同意乙公司以分期付款的方式偿还所欠贷款，这种信用属于（ ）
A.直接信用
B.国家信用
C.银行信用
D.消费信用
143.下面关于金融工具和金融市场叙述错误的是( )。
A.贷款属于间接融资工具，其所在市场属于间接融资市场
B.股票属于直接融资工具，其发行.交易的市场属于直接融资市场
C.银行间同业拆借市场属于货币市场，同业拆借是其中的一种短期金融工具
D.银行间债券市场属于资本市场，债券回购是其中的一种长期金融工具
144.存款货币银行吸收的存款不能完全用于放款或投资，必须将一定比例存入中央银行形成( )
A．再存款
B．存款准备金
C．再贴现
D．超额准备金
145.同行拆借市场的产生与( )密切相关
A．短期资金缺口的存在
B．银行贷款的需要
C．利率市场的变化
D．法定存款准备金的要求
146.按照存款来源的信用创造性质划分，存款可分为（ ）。
A.对公存款和原始存款
B.对公存款和对私存款
C.原始存款和派生存款
D.定期存款和活期存款
147.通货紧缩会造成( )。
A.经济衰退和失业加剧
B．经济快速发展
C．就业增加
D．经济发展和就业增加
148.货币主义认为货币政策传导变量为( )。
A．利率
B．货币供应量
C．超额准备
D．基础货币
149.《金融资产管理公司条例》第三条规定，金融资产管理公司以最大限度地（）为主要经营目标，依法独立承担民事责任。
A．减少不良资产
B.保全资产、减少损失
C．发挥自身优势
D.规避金融风险
150.下列哪一项属于《中国人民银行法》对货币政策的目标的规定是（）
A.经济增长
B.充分就业
C.汇率稳定
D.保持货币币值稳定并以此促进经济增长
151.建筑工人的工资提高将使（）
A．新房供给曲线左移并使房子价格上升
B．新房供给曲线右移并使房子价格下跌
C．新房供给曲线左移并使房子价格下降
D．新房的需求价格弹性下降
152.在我国，实行最高限价属于政府对市场价格的（ ）。
A.平衡措施
B.引导措施
C.紧急措施
D.干预措施
153.甲商品和乙商品的价格和收入按相同比例下降，则预算线（）
A.向右上方平移
B.向左下方平行移动
C.不变
D.发生旋转
154.消费者效用最大化的均衡条件是( )。
A．商品边际替代率等于商品价格之比
B．商品边际替代率大于商品价格之比
C．商品边际替代率小于商品价格与收入之比
D．商品边际替代率等于商品价格与收入之比
155.当一个追求利润最大化的厂商考虑进入一个市场时，他将会比较（）
A.总收益和总可变成本
B.边际收益和市场价格
C.最小边际成本和市场价格
D.最小平均成本和市场价格
156.如果你免费得到一张上海大剧院《剧院魅影》歌剧演出的门票，假定你无法将该门票出售或者转赠。同时你又熟悉当天是上海美术馆举办法国印象派画展最后一天，而且你一直非常想去看这一印象派画展。如果印象派画展的门票是400元一张，而你对这一画展最多愿意出价是500元，也即超过500元你就嫌太贵，宁肯不去欣赏。如果你去看了《剧院魅影》，你的机会成本是（）元。
A.0
B.100
C.400
D.500
157.（）市场要求企业生产的产品具有同质性，不存在差别。
A.完全竞争
B.垄断
C.垄断竞争
D.寡头
158.在国际银行监管史上有重要意义的1988年《巴塞尔协议》规定，银行的总资本足率不能低于（），核心资本充足率不得低于（）
A.4%，8%
B.6%，8%
C.8%，4%
D.10%，4%
159.中央银行在市场中向商业银行大量卖出证券，从而减少商业银行超额存款准备金，引起货币供应量减少、市场利率上升，中央银行动用的货币政策工具是：A
A.公开市场业务
B.公开市场业务和存款准备金率
C.公开市场业务和利率政策
D.公开市场业务
160.国家开发银行所承担的任务是：（B）
A.农业政策性贷款
B.国家重点建设项目融资
C.支持进出口贸易
D.支持国家开发项目融资英语试题
英语部分
一、单选题
161.The facts he supplied were not relevant _____the case in question.
A. with B. to C. for D. about
162.A committee has been _____ by the counsel to look into the causes of unemployment.
A. designed B. devised C. worked D. set up
163. Few articles in the newspapers _____more attention than that reporting the murder case with O.J. Simpson involved.
A. enlist B. divert C. draw D. absorb
164. Julia _____two children since she got married in 1990.
A. gives birth to B. has given birth to
C. has been giving birth to D. gave birth to
165.The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _____.
A. it has the name Riverside B. given the name Riverside
C. has got the name Riverside D. the name Riverside
166.It took them several weeks to _____the wild horse.
A. cultivate B. civilize C. curb D. tame
167.By the time you graduate, we _____in Australia for one year.
A. will be staying B. will have stayed
C. would have stayed D. have stayed
168.He appreciated _____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.
A. having given B. to have been given
C. to have given D. having been given
169.They left for the airport very early in the morning _____traffic jam.
A. in line with B. at the risk of
C. in case of D. for the sake of
170. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _____water shortage is the worst.
A. not to mention B. of which
C. let alone D. for what
171.The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law.
A. on which to base B. which to be based on
C. to base on which D. on which to be based
172. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe _____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that
C. provided that D. in that
173. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _____ stress.
A. so is B. as it is
C. and so is D. the same is
174.While a young man, he decided to put aside a little money every month to make for his old age.
A. provision B. supply C. adjustment D. insurance
175. The sales department has submitted a _____of their annual sales report to the board of directors.
A. schedule B. sketch C. shorthand D. scheme
176. It would be difficult for anyone to behave in a _____way when one is in a furious state.
A. rational B. legal C. stable D. credible
177. The final exams approached, _____the students became more and more nervous.
A. notwithstanding B. for
C. although D. as
178. Vingo took a bus and headed for home, if his wife would have _____him back.
A. not to know B. not known
C. not knowing D. not having known
179. We can make an exception _____.
A. in any case of John B. in case of John
C. in case of John's D. in the case of John
180. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father _____college.
A. attended B. had been attending
C. was attending D. has been attending
181. It's not safe to carry valuables around here. You'd better _____them in the hotel safe along with your passport.
A. save B. hide C. pack D. deposit
182. To proof-read these piles of documents is very time _____?.
A. consuming B. spending C. expending D. wasting
183. According to the weather _____, tomorrow will be overcast and dull.
A. forecast B. foreword C. premonition D. prophecy
184. Armed with all the first-hand evidence, I was able to _____his argument in the court.
A. deny B. refuse C. contradict D. refute
185. This information doesn't shed any light _____the problem.
A. in B. toward C. on D. to
186. They feel they are justified _____the child because he was not behaving himself.
A. to punish B. to be punishing
C. in punishing D. punishing
187. We can't just _____his guilt. We've got to have some hard evidence to prove it.
A. assume B. presume C. believe in D. guess
188. _____in the first round of the competition, our team took the earliest flight back.
A. Being knocked out B. Having been knocked out
C. We were knocked out D. We had been knocked out
189. If the door was not forced open, _____that the burglar must have had a key.
A. it follows B. it is followed
C. following is D. it will be followed
190. The famous football star was _____ with the murder of his ex-wife and her boyfriend.
A. convicted B. charged C. blamed D. accused
191. I am on the of retirement, and I believe Paul would be happy to take my place.
A．vergeB．borderC．edgeD．basis
192. Kate’s arrived every night to take her out for the evening.
A．participantB．escortC．colleagueD)delegation
193. Reluctant to see her mother, she outside for the school after everyone else had gone home.
A．hinderedB．hintedC．lingeredD．clustered
194. The local officials their difficulties to apply for more funds from the government.
A．broadenedB．extendedC．magnifiedD．strengthened
195. It was sad that the movie in a departure of the couple.
A．culminatedB．deletedC．decoratedD．accumulated
196.Half a century’s ago, it’s difficult to of traveling to the moon.
A．concludeB．condemnC．contendD．conceive
197. They think it caught fire because a chemical reaction caused combustion.
A．reluctantB．willingC．instantD．spontaneous
198. She still has very hearing, though she is eighty years old.
A．vigorousB．exactC．acuteD．vivid
199. You may not have heard of the poet, but he is very original and creative and I believe he will become well-known someday.
A．obscureB．vagueC．viciousD．prominent
200. Your explanation sounds , but I’m not sure I believe it. Can you give me some evidence?
A．plausibleB．vagueC．irrationalD．ambiguous
二、阅读理解
（一）
If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world.
201.What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Where do we get our table salt?
B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions
C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity
D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean
202.According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _____.
A．tropical regions
B．coastal regions
C．places in which warm currents and cold currents meet
D．the Antarctica
203.All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _____.
A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation
204.What does the word “subtraction" in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean?
A. reduction B. influx C. transformation D. freezing
205. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans?
A．The surrounding water sinks.
B．The water becomes denser.
C．Water salinity decreases.
D．The surrounding water becomes colder.
（二）
More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earth's crust. Removal of the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maximum depth of more than 1,000 feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake.
Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he evolved rapidly both physically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Europe. These are often associated with remains of extinct animals. With the disappearance of the great ice sheets, the Bronze and Iron Age cultures evolved. About this time many animals suited to cooler climates died.
Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age.
206.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age.
B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human brain.
C. Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age.
D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was not seen until more than a hundred years ago.
207.According to the article, which of the following will induce the depression of sea level?
A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the land
B. precipitation
C. shoreline variations
D. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates
208. Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in Utah?
A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great Ice Age
B. to show that it once was the largest lake in the United States
C. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron Age
D. to show that it is what remained of the once large lake Bonneville
209. Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information provided in the passage?
A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain.
B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age.
C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals.
D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted.
210. The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _____.
A. rock formations
B. fossil remains
C. primitive tools used by early man
D. Antarctica's ancient glacier
（三）
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当代的．societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (康复的．hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助．by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
211.What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage?
A. increase of birth rate
B. advance in medical care
C. well-administered social welfare
D. the decrease of death rate
212. It can be learned from the passage that in some traditional societies _____.
A. infants may be left to die when there isn't enough food to go around
B. old and sick people are cared for at home until they died
C. people are required to retire at a certain age
D. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselves
213. What does the word “senile” in the first line of the last paragraph mean?
A. advanced in age B. sick
C. disabled D. capricious
214. What is the author's attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals mentioned in the paragraph?
A. suspicious B. optimistic C. neutral D. critical
(四)
Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiologists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be.
There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. Variability is less developed in the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immune. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the world's population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complications(并发症．caused by bacteria.
Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every two or three years, while influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of people will be feeling the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus.
215. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Symptoms of Influenza
B. Man Versus Virus
C. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza Virus
D. Variability of Influenza Virus
216. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza?
A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza.
B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable.
C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the world under the guidance of World Health Organization.
D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found.
217. What does the author say about the influenza B virus?
A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population.
B. B virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern.
C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease.
D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings.
218. Which of the following is the most dangerous virus according to the passage?
A. influenza A virus
B. influenza B virus
C. influenza C virus
D. it cannot be determined by the information provided
219. What does the word “assault” in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean?
A. influence B. attack C. symptom D. damage
220. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to which a virus spreads?
A. the strength of the virus
B. the strength of the opposition the virus encounters
C. the ease with which the virus can be transmitted
D. the immunity the virus can induce
（五）
The great bulk of expert opinion is that owing a gun undermines rather than increases safety: the function of discouraging burglars or other criminals is more than offset by other factors. First come the suicides: in 1986,18,153 people shot themselves to death. No one on knows how many might have lived if they had been unable to pick up a gun and how many might have merely chosen other means to end their lives. But surely the presence of a loaded gun in a bureau drawer must have tempted many, particular teens, to yield to a black depression that might have lifted had the means to carry out the dark wish not been so readily available.
Then come the accidental shootings, many by foolish guys who never bother to learn how to handle their weapons. More heartbreaking are the frequent incidents of children picking up their parents’ guns and finding out in the most disastrous way that they are not toys; for example, an eight-year-old boy who shot his six-year-old sister dead last week in Fairfax. Then there are the quarrels between spouses, between parents and their children, between neighbors and friends that suddenly turn fatal because one or both can pick up a gun. Police commonly estimate that if a household gun is ever used at all, it is six times as likely to be fired at a member of the family or a friend as at an intruder. (It is even more likely, says Dr. Carl Bell, a Chicago psychiatrist, that the gun will be stolen; gun are prime targets for burglars because they can be easily and profitably sold to other criminals.)And finally, in the relatively rare shoot-outs between householders and burglars that do occur, it might easily be the burglar who proves more skilled in handling his guns and the householder who winds up in morgue（停尸房）.
Adding all types of deaths together, Mercy and Houk, researchers from the Atlanta-based Centers for Disease Control, point out that “during the last two years, the number of people who died of injuries inflicted by firearms in the United States exceeded the number of casualties during the entire 8.5-year Viet Nam conflict.” Mercy and Houk judged that “injury from firearms is a public-health problem whose toll is unacceptable.”
Another group of researchers presented evidence that lax U.S. gun laws might be to blame. The team, headed by emergency room surgeon John Henry Sloan, studied a pair of cities just 140 miles apart: Seattle and Vancouver. The two cities had similar unemployment rates, household incomes, law-enforcement policies and even favorite TV shows. Two differences: in Canada, handgun ownership is tightly restricted; in Washington State, guns are more easily purchased. And between 1980 and 1986 Seattle had 388 homicides, vs. 204 Vancouver.
221. According to most experts, possessing a gun ________.
A．can not guarantee your safety
B．does more than assure you safety
C．leads to more suicides
D．can only frighten thieves
222.“To carry out the dark wish” in the last sentence of the first paragraph means _________.
A．killing oneself
B．shooting others
C．yielding to depression
D．picking up a gun
223. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Many children become the victims of playing guns
B．A household gun is more likely to aim at a familiar person
C．Accidental shootings often happen when people are quarrelling
D．A gun at home is very likely to be taken away by burglars
224.The word “lax” in the first sentence of the last paragraph most probably means________.
A．different
B．unrestricted
C．funny
D．not strict
225.The author cites the two cities as an example to demonstrate that ________.
A．what matters is to carry out the gun laws
B．all states must have the same gun laws
C．gun ownership must be strictly restricted
D．gun laws have little effect
（六）
Ever since Darwin’s theory of evolution, biologists have assumed that environments teeming with complex forms of life served as the nurseries of evolution. But two recent papers in Science magazine have turned that notion on its head. Last month some biologists reported that in the ocean it is the relatively barren areas that serve as “evolutionary crucibles(熔炉),” not regions with great diversity of species. Other researchers announced this summer that the Arctic, not the rain forest, spawned many plants and animals that later migrated to North America. Says John Sepkoski of the University of Chicago, “Harsh environments may be producing the major changes in the history of life.”
These “changes” do not result merely in a longer tail or a bigger claw for an existing species but, rather, in dramatic leaps up the evolutionary ladder - a rare innovation that comes along once in a million years. In the Arctic, reports Leo Hickey of Yale University, the innovations ran to forms never before seen on earth. By dating fossils from many geologic layers, he concluded that large grazing animals first appeared in the Arctic and migrated to temperate places a couple of million years or so later. Among plants, species of redwood and birch originated in polar regions some 18 millions years before they showed up in the south. Examining fossils as old as 570 million years, Chicago’s Sepkoski found that shell-less, soft-bodied creatures were suddenly replaced by trilobites（三叶虫）, then by the more advanced clam-like animals. These changes, he notes, “first become common near shore.” That surprised him - an environment with as few species as exist in the near shore, and with such a poor record of producing new species, seems an unlikely place for biological innovation. But when Jablonski dated fossils of 100 million years ago, he found that during this era, too, the near shore spawned biological breakthroughs - more sophisticated sea creatures that move and find food in ocean sediments instead of passively filtering whatever floats by.
The findings are too new to apply to human evolution, but at first glance they seem to fit the facts. Anthropologists believe that our ancestors became fully human only after they left their secure life in the trees for the harsh world of savanna(plain without trees). There, the demanding conditions triggered that most human of traits, the large brain, and the most profound evolutionary step of all was taken.
226.Two recent papers in Science magazine claim to have found evidence which contradicts the traditional notion that _______.
A．relatively harsh environments are the nurseries of evolution
B．evolution occurred in regions with biological diversity
C．new forms of life come into being in near-shore areas
D．species of birch and redwood originated in the south
227.7. According to Leo Hickey of Yale University, which of the following may have spawned more advanced species of land animals?
A．The barren ocean floor
B．The Arctic
C．The rain forest
D．Temperate Zones
228.8. The word “innovations” in the second paragraph means ________.
A．New theory B．New phenomenon C．Changes D．New inventions
229.9. How would anthropologists take the new findings?
A．They would look at them dubiously
B．They would eagerly apply them to the study of human evolution
C．They would challenge them, though at first glance they tend to look at them favorably
D．They would most probably think the new findings fit well into their theory
230.10. Which of the following may be an appropriate title of the passage ?
A．Darwin’s Theory Modified
B．How Animals Evolve
C．Evolution in Hard Places
D．Where Did Large Sea Animals Originate
(七)
A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.
The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers’ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological (病理学的).
The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by over population. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding.
Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other.
The behavior of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun's experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun's experiments suggest that it might be. In any ease, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.
231.Calhoun stabilized the rat population ____.
A．when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stress
B．by removing young rats
C．so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosure
D．All of the above are correct
232.Which of the following inferences can NOT be made from the first paragraph?
A．Calhoun’s experiment is still considered important today.
B．Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.
C．Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.
D．Calhoun had experimented with rats before.
233.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Dominant males had adequate living space.
B．Dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other rats.
C．Dominant males attacked weaker rats.
D．The strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions.
234.The author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel with that of _____.
A．cruel, powerful people
B．people who abandon their children
C．hyperactive people
D．people who would like to keep to themselves.
235.The main point of this passage is that _______.
A．although rats are affected by overcrowding, people are not
B．overcrowding may be an important cause of social pathology
C．the social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowding
D．Calhoun's experiments have influenced many people
（八）
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warm the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots．on the sun. as the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.
236.Experts used to believe that the chief reason for global warming is______.
A．that most fuel is consumed in the northern hemisphere
B．human activities
C．natural influences and carbon dioxide
D．the solar energy
237.The article is written to illustrate ______.
A．the greenhouse effect
B．the solar effects on the earth
C．the models of solar-weather interactions
D．the factors responsible for the global climate
238.In spite of the greater consumption of fuel in the northern hemisphere, temperatures seem to be falling. This is_____.
A．possibly because of the melting of the ice caps in the poles
B．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
C．partly due to the variations of the output of solar energy
D．because the sun presents its “colder” face to the earth
239.On the basis of the models, scientists are of the opinion that ______.
A．the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B．it’ll take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
C．the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
D．the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
240.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct _______.
A．the increased levels of carbon dioxide will warm up the earth even more quickly
B．the greenhouse effect will work to the advantage of the earth
C．the best way to overcome the cooling effect will be to burn more fuels
D．ice will soon cover the northern hemisphere
三、完型填空
The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so?called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and 2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the 3 item for general purchasing power-that is, “money”-to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.
The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 paper money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permitting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.
13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” function of money.
241.［A］ on［B］ in［C］ by［D］ for
242.［A］ capable［B］ likely［C］ desirable［D］willing
243.［A］ excess［B］ extra［C］ surplus［D］ ample
244.［A］ dramatically［B］ urgently［C］ faithfully［D］ incidentally
245.［A］ when［B］ before［C］ since［D］ until
246.［A］ developed［B］ reserved［C］ rendered［D］ imagined
247.［A］ encouraged［B］ enlarged［C］ endured［D］ enforced
248.［A］ conform［B］ resort［C］ commit［D］ gear
249.［A］ and［B］ but［C］ therefore［D］ however
250.［A］ deprivation［B］ stimulation［C］ elimination［D］ restriction
251.［A］ thereby［B］ therefore［C］ then［D］ while
252.［A］ alternate［B］ establish［C］ substitute［D］ replace
253.［A］ Introduction［B］ Specification［C］ Representation［D］ Separation
254.［A］ assumes［B］ requires［C］ focuses［D］ undertakes
255.［A］ medium［B］ function［C］ role［D］ nature
256.［A］ fashionable［B］ favorable［C］ temporary［D］ token
257.［A］ both［B］ for［C］ between［D］ after
258.［A］ consequent［B］ relevant［C］ inadequate［D］ subsequent
259.［A］ execute［B］ extract［C］ exceed［D］ exchange
260.［A］ for［B］ off［C］ back［D］ in
